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发表于 2013-4-20 16:37:30
######### Example A2
### Step 1: Remove the exiting file named tmp.ps, if any. Don't
# be alarmed by the warning message "tmp.ps: No such file or directory"
/bin/rm tmp.ps
### Step 2: make a basemap
psbasemap -R-120/-60/20/50 -JM5 -Ba30/a15 -P -K -X1.5 -Y5 >tmp.ps
### Step 3: plot coastlines and political boundaries
pscoast -R -JM -O -K -Dh -W4/155/0/255 -Na/1 \
-G200/200/0 -S10/200/220 >>tmp.ps
### Step 4: plot 1 red square in Kansas and another 1 in Nebraska
psxy -R -JM -O -K -Ss0.2 -G255/0/0 <<END>>tmp.ps
-100 39
-100 42
END
### Step 5: write the word Texas
pstext -R -JM -O -K -N <<END>>tmp.ps
-100 32 15 0 5 MC Texas
END
### Step 6: add a thick green great-circle arc line connecting two points
psxy -R -JM -O -K -W15/0/255/0 <<END>>tmp.ps
-110 45
-80 40
END
### Step 7: plot a blue rectangle (e.g., my area of study)
psxy -R -JM -O -W9/0/0/255 <<END>>tmp.ps
-108 40
-108 38
-103 38
-103 40
-108 40
END
##################### End of useful codes. ##############################
#~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Detailed Explanations ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
############################# Step 1:
# rm tmp.ps
# Your output will be tmp.ps. This step removes existing file
# with the same name in the working directory.
# If you are asked "rm tmp.ps", answer "y".
############################# Step 2:
#psbasemap -R-120/-60/20/50 -JM5 -Ba30/a15 -P -K -X1.5 -Y5 >tmp.ps
### Important: the paramters (e.g. -R, -J, -P, -K, -X, -Y above)
# of all GMT commands have no order, meaning that you can
# put them wherever you want, as long as they are after
# the GMT command (psbasemap in this case) and before
# the ">" sign.
### psbasemap is a GMT command to make a basemap
### -R is a parameter of psbasemap, defining the region to be ploted.
# The format for -R is E/W/S/N (i.e. east/west/south/north)
### -J is a parameter for psbasemap.
# M after -J means you want to use Mecator projection which
# is the most commonly used projection for mapping.
# The "5" after -JM means you want the horizontal length of the final
# map be 5 inches. The length along the vertical direction will
# be determined by GMT.
### -B defines the frame (Boundary) of your plot. a30 means you want
# an annotation every 30 degrees at the horizontal direction; and
# /a15 means you want an annotation every 15 degrees at the vertical
# direction.
### -P means you want to use Portrait mode instead of landscape mode.
# If you want to use landscape mode, remove the -P.
### -K means that you will have more output below.
### -X1.5 means that you want your plot shifted by 1.5 inch to the right
# from the lowerleft corner of the paper
### -Y5 means that you want your plot shifted up by 5 inches
# from the lowerleft corner of the paper
### > is a 're-direction' sign. It means that you want the output
# file be written to the file tmp.ps. Without ">", the
# output will be on the screen (and rolling forever...)
### tmp.ps is your output graphic file (in Postscript format).
################################# Step 3:
#pscoast -R -JM -O -K -Dh -W4/155/0/255 -Na/1 \
#-G200/200/0 -S10/200/220 >>tmp.ps
### pscoast is another GMT command to plot coastlines and political
# boundaries
### -R is a paramter for pscoast (all the other single characters preceded
# by "-" are parameters for pscoast. Because you have already
# given the geographic coordinates in the psbasemap above,
# you don't have to give them following -R again.
### -JM is the same as in the psbasemap command above. Again, you don't have
# to put a "5" after -JM because it was already given in the
# psbasemap command
### -D is a parameter for you to choose which database of coastlines and
# political boundaries to be used. -Dh means you want to use the
# high resolution one. From low to high: -Dc (coarse), -Dl (low),
# -Dh (high), -Df (full). For mapping large areas you may want to
# use -Dl or -Dc.
### -O means you want the output (coastlines and political boundaries) created
# by this pscoast command to be Overplotted on top of the output from
# the commands above
### -K means you will have more output to be added to tmp.ps
### -W is for the thickness and the color of the pen to be used to plot
# the coastlines (but not the political boundaries).
# the first number following -W ("4" in this case) gives the thickness.
# Normally a number between 1 and 5 looks normal. 10 will be pretty
# thick and 0.1 will be very thin.
# 155/0/255 following -W4/ gives the color of the pen. There are 3
# colors (red/green/blue), each of them ranges from 0 to 255. Therefore
# by using 155 for red, you want a middle-level participation of red;
# by using 0 for green, you want no green color at all; and
# by using 255 for blue, you want a full blue color. The combined color
# of 155/0/255 is a K-State purple.
### -N is a parameter regarding national (and for North America, state as
# well) boundaries. -Na means you want all the boundaries (national
# and state). The "1" following -Na/ is the thickness of the pen
# to plot national and state boundaries.
### \ means you want to continue the same command in a
# new line. Remeber: don't leave a space after \
### -G is a paramter used to fill land areas with colors (or patterns).
# Again, the 3 numbers following -G give the red/green/blue level
# in the mixing.
### -S is similar to -G but is to fill the water bodies (lakes and oceans).
### >>tmp.ps means you want the output be written to tmp.ps. Note that
# there are two ">"s.
################################# Step 4:
#psxy -R -JM -O -K -Ss0.2 -G255/0/0 <<END>>tmp.ps
#-100 39
#-100 42
#END
### psxy is another very common GMT command to plot data with both x and
# y values.
### -R is the same as the -R in pscoast or psbasemap
### -J is the same as the -J in pscoast or psbasemap
### -O and -K are the same as in pscoast or psbasemap
### -S asks you for what symbol you want to use. -Ss means you
# want to plot a square; The number following -Ss gives
# the size of the square (in inches). Therefore, -Ss0.2 means
# you want a square of 0.2 inches in size.
### -G gives the color of the squares;
### <<END means that the following lines will be the input of psxy
# until the word "END" is met.
### >> tmp.ps means you want to write the output file to tmp.ps
### -100 39 gives the longitude and latitude of the first square
### -100 42 gives the longitude and latitude of the 2nd square. You can
# put a lot more squares
### END means your input for psxy ends here. Note: Don't leave a
# space after END
################################# Step 5:
#pstext -R -JM -O -N <<END>>tmp.ps
#-100 32 15 0 5 MC Texas
#END
### pstext is another common GMT command to write texts.
### -R, -JM, -O, <<END>>tmp.ps have the same meaning as in psxy
# Note that you should not put a "-K" here because pstext will
# be the last GMT command and no future graphic file to add.
#### There are 6 numbers for pstext.
# The first one (-100 in the example), gives the x-coordinate of
# the texts;
# The 2nd one (32), gives the y-coordinates of the plot.
# The 3rd one (15) gives the size of the texts (15 is normal).
# The 4th one (0) gives the angle of the texts (90 will be vertical)
# The 5th one (5) gives the font number (there are 22 or so fonts).
# The 6th one (MC) means you want the texts be plotted at the Mid-Center
# of the location given by the first 2 numbers.
#### -N means you want the texts be plotted even if they are out of
# the area given by -R.
#################################### Step 6:
#add a thick green great-circle arc line connecting two points
#psxy -R -JM -O -K -W15/0/255/0 <<END>>tmp.ps
#-110 45
#-80 40
#END
### -W is the paramter for pen, same as the -W in Step 3.
# One thing to remember is that in psxy, if you don't
# define a symbol using the -S parameter, psxy will
# plot a line connecting the points defined in the
# input lines or the input file.
### -110 45 is the longitude and latitude of one end of the line
### -80 40 is the longitude and latitude of the other end of the line
####################################### Step 7
#plot a blue rectangle (e.g., my area of study)
#psxy -R -JM -O -W9/0/0/255 <<END>>tmp.ps
#-108 40
#-108 38
#-103 38
#-103 40
#-108 40
#END
### Almost everything is the same as in Step 6.
# The only difference is that the line connects
# five points and these points happen to form
# a rectangle.
# Note: there is no -K in this step because it is the last
# GMT command.
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